Introduction: Globally ARI account for 4 million deaths in under five children, In India ARI (pneumonia) accounts for 19% of under-five mortality. There are several risk factors which influence ARI in children like birth order, low birth weight (<2.5 kg), immunisation status, sub-optimal breastfeeding, nutritional status of a child, lower economic status, housing conditions, fuel used for cooking, maternal illiteracy.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of ARI and determine the association of factors indicating indoor air pollution with ARI among under five children in rural area of Davangere, Karnataka.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted among under-five children in rural area, Davangere. Sample size was calculated to be 400 based on the prevalence in previous study Systematic random sampling method was applied. House to house visit was done to collect information. History of ARI within last 2 weeks was taken to calculate prevalence of ARI.

Results: The prevalence of ARI among under-five children was found to be 45.5%. The risk of ARI was significantly associated with wood as fuel for cooking.

Conclusion: In order to decrease ARI, use of LPG as fuel for coking to be promoted.