Background: Aggression is considered one of the most common types of abnormal behavior that aims to cause harm to oneself or another person or actually causes it. The aim of this work was to prevent aggressive behavior among primary school children and improvement of school and learning environment.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 281 students, aged from 6 to 12 years old, both sexes, from primary school children in Eshnway village, El Santa center, Gharbia governorate, Egypt. Screening of aggression using Modified Overt Aggression Scale was administered to the students.

Results: 74.4% of studied sample showed aggression, where among aggressive students, male, those watching action movies, and those didn't play sport neither has hobbies were statistically significant. The percentages of students having poor relationships to their parents, teachers and friends, perceived the school atmosphere as poor, with personal history of physical abuse, family history of psychiatric illness, physical and verbal aggression between family members, having a drug addict family member were more aggressive. There were statistically significant relationships percentage of moderate and sever degrees of aggression and all types of aggression. Total verbal aggression, total aggression against property, total auto aggression and total physical aggression for measuring aggression consider significant predictors for aggression.

Conclusions: The problem of aggressive behavior among primary school children in rural areas (Eshnaway village) is highly prevalent (74.4%). Total verbal aggression, aggression against property, auto aggression and physical aggression for measuring aggression were considered significant predictors for aggressive behaviors.