The occurrence of multiple infections within the human body, such as gastroenteritis, is observed in a subset of patients who also experience inflammation-related conditions like ulcerative colitis. Traditionally, these conditions have been associated with an excessive response from Th2 or Th1 cells, respectively. However, recent studies have unveiled a noteworthy revelation in. the context of Inflammatory Bowel of Disease (IBD). It has been demonstrated that an enhancement in cytokine synthesis is facilitated by a distinctive subset of T cells, specifically Th17 cells, also known as helper cells. This discovery marks a pivotal development in the field of immunopathology. Furthermore, the role of interleukin (IL)-23 in amplifying Th17 cell responses, including those associated with inflammatory bowel disease, has yielded valuable insights into tissue damage pathways and has opened up new avenues for therapeutic strategies in various diseases, notably inflammatory bowel disease.

Recent research has also shed light on the potential dual nature of Th17- cytokines, such as IL-22 and IL-17A, which may exert protective effects without causing harm. This comprehensive review underscores the role played by cells of Th17 and IL-23 in the inflammatory processes occurring in various tissues, including those affected by intestinal infections and other related conditions.