Vol. 8, Issue 1, Part B (2025)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent joint inflammation, which can lead to significant disability and systemic complications if left untreated. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention are critical to managing the disease effectively and preventing irreversible joint damage. Advances in diagnostic tools, including serological markers such as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factor (RF), as well as imaging techniques like ultrasound and MRI, have greatly improved the accuracy of RA diagnosis. The treatment landscape has been transformed by the development of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologic agents, and targeted synthetic DMARDs, which have significantly improved patient outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach involving rheumatologists, primary care physicians, and other healthcare professionals is essential to provide comprehensive care tailored to individual patient needs. This overview highlights the importance of early diagnosis, the role of advanced diagnostic tools, and the evolving therapeutic strategies in the management of RA. It also emphasizes the need to address systemic manifestations and comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and pulmonary involvement, to improve long-term prognosis and quality of life for patients. Continued research and innovation in understanding the pathogenesis of RA will further enhance diagnostic precision and therapeutic approaches, ultimately reducing the burden of this debilitating condition.